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Value

Value is the element that refers to darkness or lightness. Color value is related to the amount of light a color reflects.

You can change the value of any color by adding black or white. A light value of a hue is called a tint, and a dark value of a hue is called a shade. Black reflects no light. So black is the absence of light. White reflects all the light. You actually see the color of the light - white.

In the composite image to the left, notice the two gray keys. The lighter gray key is a tint, while the darker gray key is a shade.

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Value Patterns - good visuals for showing value

Classic Graphic Design Theory - instruction for web designers

Sanford: Values of Color - a study of color values

Image of Green Values